What is goldfish?
Goldfish belongs to the order Cypriniformes, Cyprimoidei, Cyprinidae, Cypriniae, and Carassius.Goldfish , a cyprinid fish, evolved from wild red-yellow crucian carp. As far back as the Jin Dynasty, there is a written record of “red scale fish” – goldfish, which can be called the quintessence of China.
Goldfish is one of the three famous ornamental fishes in the world. It originated in China and has a history of more than 1,700 years.
Goldfish occupies a very important position in my country’s ornamental fish export trade. Goldfish are beautiful and have a wide variety of body colors, such as red, yellow, blue, purple, black, white, two-color, three-color, five-color, etc., and their shapes include lion head, high head, blisters, dragon eyes, pompoms, pearls Scales, butterfly tails, tiger heads, etc.
The five representative varieties of goldfish are Caojin, Honglongjing, Hedinghong, Blister and Heishu.
What does goldfish look like?
Goldfish belongs to the same taxonomy as crucian carp. Compared with crucian carp, goldfish has huge variation in external morphology, but in general the whole fish body can be divided into three parts: head, trunk and tail. The front of the head is the mouth, and the back has the nose, eyes and gill covers. Some species have sarcomas on the top of the head, some species have pom-poms above the nose, some species have bulging, upward-facing or blistered eyes, and some species leak out of the operculum to form turning gills. The body of goldfish is covered with scales, mainly including normal scales, transparent scales and pearl scales. There are lateral lines on its sides, and the numbers of lateral line scales, lateral line underline scales and lateral line scales vary among different goldfish species. A typical goldfish body has pectoral, pelvic, anal, dorsal, and caudal fins, and individual species have no dorsal or anal fins. The tail of the goldfish is composed of a caudal peduncle and a caudal fin, and the shape of the caudal fin varies widely.
Male goldfish entering the breeding season will have white star chasers on the fringes of the operculum and pectoral fins, which is the most accurate moment to identify the gender of goldfish. Another important difference between male and female goldfish is the cloaca, which is generally small, narrow, and concave in males; large, slightly rounded, and convex in females.
According to the external morphological characteristics of goldfish, Fu Yiyuan divided goldfish into five types and 29 types, namely golden crucian carp, Wenjin, dragon gold, egg gold and dragon back gold.
Goldfish living habits
Goldfish are mild-mannered and generally live for about 6 years, but there are also longer ones. Goldfish are omnivorous and carnivorous freshwater fish with well-developed throat teeth and can swallow hard bait. Goldfish has a strong ability to adapt to water temperature, but it cannot adapt to drastic changes in temperature. The suitable water temperature is 18-26 °C. Too high or too low temperature will affect the feeding, growth and reproduction of goldfish. Goldfish like slightly alkaline water, and the pH value of the water body is 7.5-8.0. At the handover of spring and summer in northern my country, when the water temperature began to rise, goldfish also entered the breeding period. During this period, the water temperature was controlled at about 20 ℃, which is more conducive to the spawning and hatching of goldfish.
Goldfish rearing
1.Breeding pond construction
The fish pond should be built in a place with good ventilation, sunshine, sufficient water source and convenient irrigation and drainage. The area of the fish pond can be built according to the size of the rural courtyard and the shape of the courtyard. Before building the store, the original surface should be leveled and compacted, and brick When building the pool bottom and pool walls, the height of the pool is generally 0.6-0.7m, and the shape is preferably rectangular. When building the pool, water injection and drainage outlets should be constructed to facilitate injection and drainage. The drain at the bottom of the pool must have a certain slope to facilitate drainage. The bottom can be covered with greenhouse film, which is economical, practical and durable. Protective measures are built around the fish pond to prevent children from drowning. For newly built fish ponds, the alkalinity needs to be removed before use. The main method is to add straw or wheat straw for soaking after the water is full. The time is about 15d. After removing the alkalinity, rinse it with clean water several times, and then add new water. ready to use.
2.Water source selection and cultivation
The water source of garden aquaculture water must be sufficient, and the water quality must be good, non-toxic and free of impurities. In rural courtyards with running water, tap water is the best choice, which is convenient for taking water and contains few bacteria, which is the most suitable for breeding goldfish. When constructing aquaculture ponds, it is necessary to install a filter circulation system device, which can promote ecological balance by releasing active bacteria, filtering solid substances floating in the water, and sterilizing lamp procedures. Before placing the fish, the pond must be cleaned with quicklime or bleaching powder to kill the harmful organisms in the pond. About a week after the disinfection, tap water or groundwater should be injected into it, and it should be used after exposure to the sun.
3.bait delivery
The feeding of bait adheres to the principle of three determinations, qualitative: high protein content, fresh and clean; quantitative: pay attention to observe the time when the goldfish in the pool eat each time, generally within 20-30 minutes; timing: around 7:00 in the morning in summer, Around 3 o’clock in the afternoon, because the fish swim less in winter, they can be fed once around noon.
It should be noted that each feeding must be fed once, and duckweed or a small amount of pellet feed should be appropriately fed according to the appetite of the fish. In garden farming, artificial synthetic pellet feed is mainly used. Feed is an excellent auxiliary bait, and it is also the best substitute when natural bait is in short supply.
